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Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3417-3431
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-15
Pengesanan Residu Najis dan
Bulu dalam Glikopeptida daripada Produk Sampingan Sarang Burung Walit dan Implikasnya terhadap Status Halal
(Residual Faeces and Feather
Detection in Glycopeptides from Edible Bird’s Nest by-Products and its Implications on Halal Status)
NAZARIYAH
YAHAYA1,2*, MUHAMMAD ARIEFF HAIKAL EZAIDIN2,
HANIS NADIA YAHYA2, ALINA ABDUL RAHIM2, IRWAN MOHD SUBRI3,
NUR AINA ABDULAH3, MOHD NASIR ABDUL MAJID3, ZIZI AZLINDA
MOHD YUSOF3, LIM SENG JOE4, WAN AIDA WAN MUSTAPHA4,
NOORUL SYUHADA MOHD RAZALI4, ZANARIAH HASHIM5, DAYANG
NORULFAIRUZ ABANG ZAIDEL5 & YANTI MASLINA MOHD JUSOH5
1Institut Fatwa dan Halal (IFFAH), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
2Program Bioteknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Sains Islam
Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
3Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru
Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
4Pusat Inovasi Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
5Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research
Group (FoBERG), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor,
Malaysia
Received: 4 April
2024/Accepted: 28 August 2024
Abstrak
Sarang Burung Walit (SBW) yang diperbuat daripada air liur burung spesies Aerodramus fuciphagus mempunyai banyak manfaat kesihatan seperti melambatkan proses penuaan serta menguatkan sistem imun manusia. Bagi memaksimumkan penggunaan SBW, hasil sampingan SBW daripada pembersihan awal digunakan oleh pengilang dengan mengekstrak semula glikopeptida yang melekat pada hasil sampingan tersebut. Namun, status Halal glikopeptida yang dikumpul daripada hasil sampingan SBW telah dipersoalkan berhubung kemungkinan kehadiran najis dan bulu burung pada produk akhir yang dijadikan bahan makanan. Kajian ini mengesan kehadiran najis dan bulu dalam glikopeptida yang diekstrak daripada hasil sampingan SBW dengan menggunakan analisis SpektroskopiFourier Transformasi Intramerah (FTIR) yang digabungkan dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan Resonans Magnet Nuklear(NMR). Selain itu, kajian ini juga mengupas mengenai hukum syariah berkaitan dengan burung Walit dan perbandingannya dengan burung layang-layang serta status halal penggunaan glikopeptida yang diperoleh semula daripada hasil sampingan SBW. Hasil daripada kajian ini menunjukkan, analisis FTIR yang digabungkan dengan analisis PCA, dapat mengesan dan membezakan kehadiran penanda (bulu dan najis) dalam sampel hasil sampingan SBW yang diekstrak melalui proses pembersihan yang berbeza.
Keputusan analisis yang sama juga diperoleh melalui kaedah NMR. Mengikut hukum syariah, jika jumlah najis (bulu dan najis) adalah minima dan tidak kelihatan dengan mata kasar, konsep al-najasah al-ma‘fuww ‘anha li qillatiha ‘urfan(ia dimaafkan kerana kadar kecil mengikut uruf) boleh digunakan. Produk itu boleh dipertimbangkan untuk mendapat sijil Halal daripada pihak berkuasa Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Analisis Komponen Utama; bulu and najis burung walit; halal; Spektroskopi Fourier Transformasi Intramerah; Sarang Burung Walit
Abstract
The Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) is the dried saliva, harvested from the
swiftlets’ nest of Aerodramus fuciphagussp.
possesses many health advantages such as delaying the aging process and
bolstering the human immune system. To optimize EBN use, its by-product, once
treated as waste and lost revenue, is now under study to enhance glycopeptide
retrieval efficiency during nest cleaning. The Halal status of glycopeptide
collected from EBN by-product has been questioned regarding the possibility of
the presence of faeces and feathers in the final product. This study attempts
to detect the presence of faeces and feathers in glycopeptide recovered from
EBN by-product by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) which is
coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis and further analysed
by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). This study also examines Shariah law
related to swiftlets and its comparison with swallows, as well as the halal
status of EBN by-products. The findings of this study show that FTIR and PCA
analyses were able to detect and distinguish the presence of markers (feather
and faeces) in the glycopeptide recovered from EBN by-products
across different cleaning processes. A similar analysis result is also observed
in the NMR method. According to Syariah law, if the amount of najs (feathers and faeces) is minimal and invisible to the
naked eye, the concept of al-najasah al-ma‘fuww ‘anha li qillatiha ‘urfan is
forgiven for its minute quantity according to uruf can be applied, and the product can be then considered certified as Halal by the Malaysian authorities.
Keywords: Edible Bird Nest; feces and feather; Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy; Halal; Principal Component
Analysis
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*Corresponding author; email:
nazariyah@usim.edu.my
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